Theranostic fibers for simultaneous imaging and drug delivery

Abstract

New methods for creating theranostic systems with simultaneous encapsulation of therapeutic, diagnostic, and targeting agents are much sought after. This work reports for the first time the use of coaxial electrospinning to prepare such systems in the form of core–shell fibers. Eudragit S100 was used to form the shell of the fibers, while the core comprised poly(ethylene oxide) loaded with the magnetic resonance contrast agent Gd(DTPA) (Gd(III) diethylenetriaminepentaacetate hydrate) and indomethacin as a model therapeutic agent. The fibers had linear cylindrical morphologies with clear core–shell structures, as demonstrated by electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry proved that both indomethacin and Gd(DTPA) were present in the fibers in the amorphous physical form. This is thought to be a result of intermolecular interactions between the different components, the presence of which was suggested by infrared spectroscopy. In vitro dissolution tests indicated that the fibers could provide targeted release of the active ingredients through a combined mechanism of erosion and diffusion. The proton relaxivities for Gd(DTPA) released from the fibers into tris buffer increased (r₁ = 4.79–9.75 s^–1 mM^–1; r₂ = 7.98–14.22 s^–1 mM^–1) compared with fresh Gd(DTPA) (r₁ = 4.13 s^–1 mM^–1 and r₂ = 4.40 s^–1 mM^–1), which proved that electrospinning has not diminished the contrast properties of the complex. The new systems reported herein thus offer a new platform for delivering therapeutic and imaging agents simultaneously to the colon.