Effectiveness of the caregiver support model for informal caregivers of frail older adults in Hong Kong: A clustered randomised controlled trial

Abstract

<b>Background:</b> With population ageing, the demand for informal caregivers is increasing. However, existing caregiver support is insufficient. This study examined the effectiveness of the caregiver support model (CSM) for social workers to assist and empower informal caregivers of frail older adults according to their needs and resources.

<b>Methods:</b> Eight community centres were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=4, with 282 caregivers) and control groups (n=4, with 284 caregivers); the caregivers were recruited from January to August 2022. The CSM involved assessment of needs and resources, intervention plan formulation, service provision and monitoring, and evaluation. Interventions comprised (1) service matching based on a collaborative selection of need dimensions and (2) strength-based strategy development based on the caregivers' resources. Caregivers in the control group received treatment as usual. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6 months. Missing data were handled using multiple imputations. Score changes between groups were compared using multiple regression models. Qualitative feedback was obtained from 10 social workers and 32 caregivers through interviews.

<b>Results:</b> Participants in both groups showed improvements over time. However, improvements in needs, resources, and life-enriching (ie, a positive aspect of caregiving) were significantly greater in the intervention group. The social workers found the assessment easy to understand, comprehensive, and conducive to mutual sharing. They also appreciated the simultaneous, convenient reporting system and the strength-based approach. The participants expressed their wish to learn more knowledge and skills and became aware of the needs hitherto unaware of.

<b>Conclusion:</b> The CSM was effective in helping informal caregivers of frail older adults and served to build up the capacity of the social workers. The next stage of the project is to disseminate CSM to the wider professional community